course: Chromatin matrix – possible nuclear functional structure
speaker: Yuval Garini (Bar Ilan University)abstract: The DNA in a human cell which is ~3 meters long is packed in a tiny nucleus of ~10 μm radius. Together with the proteins that are coating it, the chromatin, as it is called, is highly dynamic along the cell cycle. The DNA and its structure take part in protein expression, cell division, DNA repair and more. Nevertheless, it must stay organized to prevent chromosome entanglement. Studying this multi-scale structure is difficult, as it falls short of the optical resolution, the only possible way of measuring in live cells. We therefore adopted various methods for studying the organization of the genome in the nucleus, including live-cell imaging, time-resolved spectroscopy, single molecule methods (AFM), Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), spectral karyotyping and 4C. It allowed us to identify that a protein, lamin A, forms chromatin loops thereby restricting the chromatin dynamics in the whole nucleus volume. Based on all results, we conclude that the organization of the DNA in the nucleus is based on a “chromatin matrix”. I will describe the problem, the methods we use, the results and the conclusions as described above.
timetable:
Mon 22 Oct, 9:30 - 10:15, Aula Dini
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